Glossary

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Calcium is an important mineral that helps keep bones strong, can prevent osteoporosis, and also is involved in the generation of muscle contractions.

Calories are the measure of energy of a food and the measure of energy requirements of the body at rest and during exercise and activity.

Carbohydrates are the primary and most common source of energy, supplying 4 calories per gram. Carbohydrates are complex (starch, dietary fiber) or simple (sugars, fructose, lactose, sucrose). Glucose or blood sugar is the ready form of carbohydrate used by tissues for energy. The brain requires a steady level of glucose.

Cholesterol is a complex chemical related to fats in the bloodstream and in all the body's cells. Cholesterol forms part of cell membranes, some hormones and other needed tissues. HDL (high density lipoprotein) is considered "good cholesterol" and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is considered "bad cholesterol." Total cholesterol includes both HDL and LDL, which when elevated is associated with the risk of heart disease and hardening of arteries.

Concentric Action
A muscle contraction that occurs while a muscle is shortening, which usually occurs while a weight is lifted up against gravity.

Cybernetics
The study of communication and control processes in biological, mechanical, and electronic systems, including the comparison of processes in biological and artificial systems.

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